Depression and Addiction | Links, Symptoms and Treatment

Depression is a common and serious mood disorder that affects how you feel, think and handle daily activities. It can make you feel persistently sad or hopeless and lose interest in things you once enjoyed. While it may seem overwhelming, depression is manageable with effective treatment, with many people finding relief through therapy, medication or a combination of both. If you’re struggling, remember that reaching out for help is a strong and positive step toward feeling better.

Depression in the UK

A recent study revealed significant insights into the prevalence of depressive symptoms in the UK. According to the study, mild depressive symptoms affected 11.3% of the population, while severe symptoms were present in 3.3%. The prevalence of probable depressive disorder was found to be 7.5%, with 6.2% of men and 8.6% of women being affected. The prevalence varied notably with age, peaking in individuals aged 45 to 59, who experienced the highest rates of severe depressive symptoms.

These findings highlight the need for targeted mental health support, especially for those in middle age.

Are there different types of depression?

There’s more to depression than people may initially think. In fact, there are multiple types of depression, each with its own symptoms and diagnostic criteria. Understanding the different types and their signs can help you identify depression in yourself or those you care about.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Major Depressive Disorder, often called major depression, is characterised by a persistent feeling of sadness or a lack of interest in outside stimuli. Symptoms include fatigue, changes in sleep and appetite, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, difficulty concentrating and recurring thoughts of death or suicide.

Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD)

Also known as dysthymia, Persistent Depressive Disorder is a chronic form of depression. People with PDD experience a depressed mood that lasts for at least two years, accompanied by symptoms such as low energy, poor self-esteem and hopelessness. Although symptoms may be less severe than those of major depression, their long duration can significantly affect quality of life.

Bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder includes episodes of depression and episodes of mania or hypomania. During depressive episodes, individuals may experience typical symptoms of major depression. During manic or hypomanic episodes, they may feel euphoric, have high energy levels and engage in risky behaviours. The cycles between these mood states can vary greatly from person to person.

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

Seasonal Affective Disorder is a type of depression that occurs at a specific time of year, usually in the winter months when daylight hours are shorter. Symptoms include fatigue, increased need for sleep, overeating, weight gain and social withdrawal. SAD is believed to be related to the lack of sunlight and changes in the body’s internal clock.

Postpartum depression

Postpartum depression occurs in some women after childbirth. It’s more than just the “baby blues” that many new mothers experience. Symptoms include severe mood swings, fatigue, feelings of hopelessness and difficulty bonding with the baby. Early intervention and treatment are crucial for the well-being of both the mother and the child.

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). It occurs in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and is characterised by extreme mood swings, irritability, anxiety and depressive symptoms. The severity of PMDD can interfere significantly with daily activities and relationships.

Is there a link between depression and addiction?

Many mood disorders are intricately linked with addiction, and this is no different with depression and addiction specifically. Understanding the connection between addiction and depression becomes crucial for preventative measures, as identifying early signs of either can be met with timely interventions. But why does this link occur so often? The relationship between these two issues is multifaceted and complex. To grasp the connection, we need to explore different sides of the coin and examine how this link is formed.

Depression fueling addiction

Depression and addiction often create a complicated and painful cycle. When someone is struggling with depression, they might turn to substances to cope with overwhelming feelings of sadness, hopelessness or emptiness. This is known as ‘self-medication,’ and studies suggest that it’s common with those who experience depression.

But this relief doesn’t last, and as it fades, the underlying depression often worsens, leading to more substance use in an attempt to find that fleeting sense of relief.

This cycle can quickly lead to dependence and addiction. The substances might start to feel like the only way to manage depressive symptoms, making it even harder to break free.

Addiction causing depression

Substance-induced mood disorder (SIMD) is when mood changes, like depression or mania, are directly triggered by using or withdrawing from drugs, alcohol or other substances. These substances can interfere with the brain’s normal functioning, leading to significant mood disturbances. Unlike other mood disorders, SIMD is specifically linked to substance use and requires clinical attention when the symptoms become severe.

Understanding the connection between substance use and depression is crucial in offering the right support and treatment. Here are some important statistics:

Depression and alcohol addiction: It’s estimated that 40-60% of people with alcohol use disorder experience substance-induced depression. This means a significant number of those struggling with alcohol dependency also face depression, which can make recovery even more challenging.
Opioid addiction and depression: Around 55% of outpatient participants with opioid use disorder reported having substance-induced depression. This highlights the deep impact opioid use can have on mental health.
Major Depression and substance use: 16.5% of individuals with major depression have an alcohol use disorder, showing a strong link between depression and alcohol dependency. 18% of individuals with major depression have a drug use disorder, indicating that drug use can often accompany severe depression.

How are depression and addiction treated at Linwood House?

At Linwood House, we specialise in treating addiction, but we require individuals to seek care for severe depression before enrolling in our treatment programme. This is because unmanaged depression can significantly hinder the recovery process. Once depression symptoms are under control, we offer various therapeutic modalities that support long-term recovery for both depression and addiction.

Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT): Our DBT approach blends elements of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) with mindfulness practices. This method equips individuals with crucial skills for emotional regulation, improving interpersonal relationships and managing the cravings associated with addiction, all while addressing the underlying depression.
Group therapy: Our group therapy sessions combine professional guidance with peer support, fostering a strong healing environment. This collective approach helps individuals facing both depression and addiction, promoting a sense of community and reducing the feelings of isolation often linked to these conditions.
Individual therapy: Tailored for those with a dual diagnosis, our individual therapy sessions focus on treating both depression and addiction simultaneously. We incorporate holistic therapies alongside traditional addiction treatments, ensuring a comprehensive approach that considers both mental and physical well-being.

What are the next steps?

Struggling with depression and addiction can be overwhelming, but Linwood House is here to help. Our compassionate, comprehensive treatment programme supports your recovery with experienced professionals and personalised care. Address both your mental health and addiction challenges in a safe, nurturing environment. Take the first step towards a brighter, healthier future. Contact Linwood House today and begin your journey to wellness.

Frequently asked questions

How can I tell if my depression is becoming chronic?

Chronic depression (persistent depressive disorder) lasts for two years or more. Signs include ongoing sadness, difficulty experiencing joy, changes in appetite or sleep, fatigue, and trouble concentrating. Seek help if symptoms persist.

I think I might have depression, how do I go about getting a depression diagnosis?

Consult your doctor or mental health professional, share your symptoms honestly, and complete any assessments they provide. They’ll discuss your diagnosis and potential treatment options.

What is the difference between depression and anxiety?

Depression involves persistent sadness and loss of interest, while anxiety is characterised by excessive worry and fear. Both conditions can coexist but have different symptoms and effects.

(Click here to see works cited)

“Prevalence and Age Patterns of Depression in the United Kingdom. A Population-Based Study.” Journal of Affective Disorders, Elsevier, 7 Oct. 2020, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165032720328263.
Turner S, Mota N, Bolton J, Sareen J. Self-medication with alcohol or drugs for mood and anxiety disorders: A narrative review of the epidemiological literature. Depress Anxiety. 2018 Sep;35(9):851-860. doi: 10.1002/da.22771. Epub 2018 Jul 12. PMID: 29999576; PMCID: PMC6175215.
Revadigar N, Gupta V. Substance-Induced Mood Disorders. [Updated 2022 Nov 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555887/