Behavioural Addiction | Signs, Symptoms & Effects

When engaged in the target behaviour, the brain releases more dopamine which causes these feelings. You can also develop tolerance to behaviours. As you continue participating in the behaviour, your brain produces less dopamine, so you need more of the behaviour to get the same effect.

When the behaviour turns into a responsibility, this is when it becomes an addiction. An addiction is when you lose control over the behaviour and compulsively engage in it. You continue to participate in the activity despite functional problems in your relationships, work, or school.

Behavioural addictions include gambling, gaming, the internet, social media, eating, sex, porn, physical exercise, and shopping. They can be active such as computer games, or passive such as TV. While there are still questions among the psychology community about whether these are genuinely addictions, many doctors consider them to be so and offer treatment for them.

There is no single clear cause of behavioural addictions. While each person has a different story, several factors appear to contribute to developing an addiction which we will discuss:

• Trauma, including childhood abuse – addictive behaviours can help to distract you from painful memories.
• Low self-esteem – you are more likely to engage in risk-taking behaviours, which can lead to addiction.
• Family history of addiction – genetics contribute to behavioural addictions, and it is also more likely that you develop addictive behaviours if you are exposed to them at home, and they are normalised for you.
• Mental health disorder – there is an association between behavioural addictions and mood and anxiety disorders. You are more likely to develop an addiction if you have a mental health disorder, and the addiction is likely to cause the worsening of these symptoms.
• Personality traits such as impulsivity and risk-taking make you more prone to developing an addiction.
• Age – young people are more likely to develop addictions. This can relate to multiple factors, including tending to be more impulsive and peer pressure.

Even when not explicitly labelled addictions, compulsive behaviours can lead to problems in your life. While at first it may be possible to hide it as your addiction, as it becomes more intense and you need more to satisfy your compulsion it becomes harder to sustain your previous life. The ways it affects your life may differ depending on the particular addiction.

For example, a gambling addiction can be one of the most financially damaging of all addictions, as well as a shopping addiction which can also be extremely financially destructive and cause large amounts of debt. Conversely, sex addiction is likely to have more physical implications as the chances of venereal disease or unwanted pregnancy may be higher. There are other problems which could occur with any of these behavioural addictions. These include:

• Prioritising the behaviour over other aspects of life – this can affect your social life as well as work or other activities such as school and exercise.
• No longer taking part in activities you once enjoyed.
• Secretiveness – you may start to lie to hide the extent of the problem. This can affect trust in your relationships.
• Mental health problems such as anxiety, depression, and obsessive thoughts.
• Trouble at school or work.
• Neglecting responsibilities.
• Withdrawing from family and friends.

The longer your addiction continues, the more at risk you become of these effects as the addiction increasingly takes over your life. Life without the behaviour can start to seem worthless in comparison, and it becomes harder to stop.