ADHD and Addiction | Links, Symptoms and Treatment

ADHD, or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, is a neurodevelopmental condition affecting both children and adults. It is characterised by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that can interfere with daily functioning and development.

People with ADHD might struggle with focusing on tasks, following instructions, or staying organised. Hyperactivity can manifest as excessive fidgeting or talking, while impulsivity might lead to hasty decisions without considering the consequences.

Diagnosis typically involves a comprehensive evaluation, and treatment often includes behavioural therapy, medications, or a combination of both.

ADHD

What are the signs of ADHD?

ADHD presents with a range of symptoms that vary in severity and can differ based on the type of ADHD. There are three main types of ADHD: inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive and combined. Below, we take a look at signs you may find in children and adults with ADHD;

Inattentive Type (ADHD-I)

Lack of attention to detail: Frequently makes careless mistakes in schoolwork, work or other activities.
Difficulty sustaining attention: Struggles to maintain focus on tasks or play activities.
Doesn’t seem to listen: Appears not to listen when spoken to directly.
Fails to follow through: Often needs to finish schoolwork, chores or duties in the workplace.
Difficulty organising tasks: Has trouble organising tasks and activities.
Avoids or dislikes sustained mental effort: Avoids or is reluctant to engage in tasks that require prolonged mental effort.
Easily distracted: Easily sidetracked by extraneous stimuli.
Forgetful: Often forgets daily activities and routines.

Hyperactive-Impulsive Type (ADHD-HI)

Fidgeting and squirming: Often fidgets with or taps hands or feet or squirms in seat.
Running or climbing: Often runs about or climbs in inappropriate situations.
Excessive talking.
Difficulty waiting for their turn
Interrupting or intruding: Often interrupts or intrudes on others (e.g. butts into conversations or games).

Combined Type (ADHD-C)

This type exhibits symptoms of both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive types. Individuals with ADHD-C often have a mix of symptoms from both categories, making their experiences and challenges more varied.

What are the causes of ADHD?

ADHD is highly heritable, often running in families due to genetic factors but there isn’t a single cause. Instead, multiple factors, including environmental influences, contribute to its development.

ADHD is linked with various neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric outcomes beyond just ADHD itself. Both rare and common genetic variants likely play a role in shaping its presentation.

Certain conditions, such as extremely low birth weight, prematurity and significant early adversity, increase the risk of developing ADHD. Overall, the interplay of genetic and environmental factors determines the likelihood of developing this condition.

What do we know about ADHD and addiction?

ADHD and addiction often go hand in hand, creating a complex and challenging situation for many individuals. Recent investigations have revealed that up to 50% of people experiencing ongoing ADHD symptoms also deal with a substance-use disorder. This connection isn’t merely coincidental, as ADHD itself can be an independent risk factor for substance abuse.

The impulsive behaviour and poor judgement that often accompany ADHD make individuals particularly vulnerable in social settings, potentially leading them down a path of substance use.

Research has also shown that ADHD can significantly impact the trajectory of adolescent substance abuse in various ways:

Earlier onset: Medical studies indicate that adolescents with ADHD are more likely to start using substances at a younger age, increasing their vulnerability to developing substance use disorders (SUDs).
Prolonged disorder duration: Evidence from clinical research reveals that individuals with ADHD often experience a longer duration of SUD. Their impulsivity and difficulty with self-regulation contribute to the challenge of maintaining abstinence.
Progression to multiple substances: Research highlights a higher likelihood that adolescents with ADHD will transition from alcohol abuse to using other drugs, leading to more complex substance abuse issues.
Rapid escalation: Studies show that the interval between the initial use of drugs and the development of dependence is shorter for those with ADHD. Their impulsive nature and constant search for stimulation can accelerate this process.
Treatment challenges: Disruptive behaviours associated with ADHD, as documented in medical literature, often interfere with treatment access and response. These behaviours can result in missed appointments, difficulties in adhering to treatment plans and conflicts with peers and healthcare providers.

This research highlights the urgent need for quick ADHD diagnosis and a thorough understanding of the risk factors that link ADHD and addiction. By diagnosing ADHD early, we can reduce the chances of adolescents starting substance use early, dealing with prolonged disorders and quickly progressing to multiple substances. Grasping these connections is crucial for creating effective intervention and treatment strategies.

What happens if you’re diagnosed with both ADHD and addiction?

When someone is diagnosed with both ADHD and addiction, it’s referred to as a dual diagnosis. A dual diagnosis means that an individual is dealing with two concurrent conditions, each of which can exacerbate the symptoms of the other. This makes treatment more complex and highlights the importance of simultaneously addressing both issues.

A dual diagnosis of addiction and ADHD can be particularly challenging. ADHD symptoms like impulsivity, inattention and hyperactivity can make it difficult for individuals to control their substance use. Conversely, substance abuse can worsen ADHD symptoms, creating a vicious cycle that’s hard to break.

At Linwood House, we recognise the intricate relationship between these two conditions, which is why we are equipped to deal with and treat a dual diagnosis of addiction and ADHD.

How is ADHD and addiction treated at Linwood House?

At Linwood House, we understand that when ADHD coexists with addiction, treating both conditions becomes more challenging. Traditional approaches might not fully address the unique hurdles ADHD presents, such as difficulty focusing and impulsive behaviour, which can impact the effectiveness of addiction therapies.

That’s why we believe in a tailored strategy that considers both ADHD and addiction for successful treatment and long-term recovery. Our comprehensive treatment programs are designed to address both conditions, helping you manage them more effectively and leading to better recovery outcomes.

Depending on the substance involved, detoxification might be necessary, followed by therapeutic interventions. Here are some of the most beneficial therapies we offer at Linwood House for co-occurring ADHD and addiction:

Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT): DBT teaches mindfulness, emotional regulation and distress tolerance, which can help manage impulsive behaviours.
One-on-One Counselling: Personalised support and strategies in one-on-one sessions address the unique challenges of ADHD and addiction, fostering personal growth and recovery.
Yoga Therapy: Yoga promotes physical and mental relaxation, improves focus and reduces stress, all of which are particularly beneficial for managing ADHD and addiction.
Art Therapy: This creative outlet allows you to express emotions and thoughts, helping process experiences and develop healthier coping mechanisms.

At Linwood House, we are committed to providing the specialised care needed to effectively manage both ADHD and addiction, paving the way for a healthier and more balanced life.

What are the next steps?

If you or a loved one is struggling with ADHD and addiction, know that at Linwood House, we understand the unique challenges you face. Our comprehensive treatment programme is designed to address both conditions simultaneously, ensuring you receive the care and support you need. With experienced professionals and personalised therapies, we’re here to help you reclaim your life.

Don’t let ADHD and addiction control your future. Take the first step towards recovery today. Contact Linwood House and start your journey to a healthier, happier you.

Frequently asked questions

Is ADHD genetic?

Yes, ADHD tends to run in families, indicating a genetic component.

I think I might have ADHD, how do I go about getting an ADHD diagnosis?

Consult a healthcare professional for assessment, which may include questionnaires and interviews to get a full evaluation.

Is ADHD a learning disability?

No, ADHD is not classified as a learning disability, but it can affect learning and academic performance.

(Click here to see works cited)

“Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 25 Jan. 2023, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/adult-adhd/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350883.
Sullivan MA, Rudnik-Levin F. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and substance abuse. Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001 Jun;931:251-70. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05783.x. PMID: 11462745.
Thapar A, Cooper M, Jefferies R, Stergiakouli E. What causes attention deficit hyperactivity disorder? Arch Dis Child. 2012 Mar;97(3):260-5. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2011-300482. Epub 2011 Sep 7. PMID: 21903599; PMCID: PMC3927422.